New York

¹ Lown Institute, “Lown Institute Hospitals Index: 2024 Results Fair Share Spending,” March 2024, https://lownhospitalsindex.org/hospital-fair-share-spending-2024/

² Lown Institute, “Lown Institute Hospitals Index: 2024 Results Fair Share Spending,” Hospitals With Largest Fair Share Deficits, March 2024, https://lownhospitalsindex.org/hospital-fair-share-spending-2024/

³ Community Service Society, “Discharged Into Debt: New York’s Nonprofit Hospitals are Suing Patients,” March 2020, https://www.cssny.org/publications/entry/discharged-into-debt

⁴ The New York Times, “One Hospital System Sued 2,500 Patients After Pandemic Hit,” October 2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/05/nyregion/coronavirus-medical-debt-hospitals.html

⁶ Innovation for Justice, University of Arizona and the University of Utah, “Medical Debt Policy Scorecard,” May 2022, https://www.medicaldebtpolicyscorecard.org/state/NY

⁷ Peterson-KFF Health System Tracker, “Access & Affordability: The Burden of Medical Debt in the United States,” February 2024, https://www.healthsystemtracker.org/brief/the-burden-of-medical-debt-in-the-united-states/

⁸ PatientRightsAdvocate.org, “Sixth Semi-Annual Hospital Price Transparency Compliance Report,” February 2024, http://www.patientrightsadvocate.org/semi-annual-report-feb2024, pg. 24

⁹ Rand Corporation, “Prices Paid to Hospitals by Private Health Plans: Findings from Round 4 of an Employer-Led Transparency Initiative,” July 2022, https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA1144-1.html

¹⁰ Axios, “How America’s Top Hospitals Send Patient Costs Soaring,” June 2021, http://www.axios.com/hospital-billing

All data as of April 2024.