California

¹ PatientRightsAdvocate.org, “Fourth Semi-Annual Hospital Price Transparency Compliance Report,” February 2023, https://www.patientrightsadvocate.org/february-semi-annual-compliance-report-2023, p. 24

² Rand Corporation, “Prices Paid to Hospitals by Private Health Plans: Findings from Round 4 of an Employer-Led Transparency Initiative,” Table 3. States, July 2022, https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA1144-1.html

³ Leapfrog Hospital Safety Grade, State Rankings, November 2022, https://www.hospitalsafetygrade.org/your-hospitals-safety-grade/state-rankings

⁴ Lown Institute, “Lown Institute Hospitals Index: 2023 Results Fair Share Spending,” Fair Share Spending by State, April 2023, https://lownhospitalsindex.org/2023-fair-share-spending/

⁵ Lown Institute, “Lown Institute Hospitals Index: 2023 Results Fair Share Spending,” 25 Systems With Largest Fair Share Deficits, April 2023, https://lownhospitalsindex.org/2023-fair-share-spending/

⁶ Los Angeles Times, “Hospitals had to put charity care rules on their websites months ago. Some didn’t do it,” November 29, 2022, https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-11-29/charity-care-posting-requirement-california-hospitals

All data as of April 2023